My experience with trannies going bad has been driving down the road and losing one gear at a time, like 3rd, then 2nd, and limping home in 1st. I've only had one just disintegrate all of a sudden, and it was a Jeep (Never Again!). I would suspect a faulty sensor on any electronic-controlled motor, or a fluid-pressure problem on the AOD/C6 whenever you suddenly lose all gears. Your best bet is to seek out a competent transmission shop, and it may take 3 or 4 visits to find the right one. Most will try to get you to rebuild it, but one will have the right answer. It could be a plugged filter, modulator valve, or even a transfer case defect.
Edit: Check the fluid level while in Park with engine running, then shift thru the gears several times. Be sure the level is correct. The AOD is a "finicky" tranny.