Yo,
Voltage; "...a normal battery that is fully charged produces 12.6 volts, not just 12.0 V. (Remember, when measuring battery voltage, everything in the car should be off, or the battery should be disconnected. Voltage measurements are always "no load" measurements unless the battery is being tested for it's performance under load)..."
Source: by Gordon
Dead Cell; "... Sometimes, a battery will have just one cell go bad or short out. When this happens, the battery will seem fully charged, but fail to start the car, or it may start the car right after charging, but then fail to start the car an hour or more later. If this happens measure the S.G. in each cell. If one cell has a lower S.G. than the rest by a significant amount, replace the battery - there is no way to fix this problem. This condition most often happens to batteries subjected to lots of vibration, and sometimes to new and almost new batteries that have a bad cell from the factory..."
Source: by Gordon
Parasitic Current Drain Test; "...you should be able to trace the "parasitic draw" on the battery in the normal way. Pull the (-) cable off & put an ammeter inline set to the 10A range (or higher if possible) to see how much current is being pulled out of the battery with the key OFF, the doors SHUT, & the hood light bulb REMOVED. Make sure absolutely NOTHING is turned on anywhere on the truck. If it registers 0 or below the meter's next range, switch it down a range until it shows some useful numbers. If it ends up being below 0.5A (500mA), then replace the battery. If it's above that, start by disconnecting all the alternator wires & see if the reading drops under 0.5A. Then move to the fuse block & pull them 1 at a time until there's a significant drop in the reading. That's the circuit that's draining the battery. Follow it to find the problem..."
Battery Testing Procedure TSB 91-10-10 for 85-91 Bronco, Aerostar, Econoline, F-150-350 Series, Ranger; 85-90 Bronco II; 89-91 F Super Duty, F47, F-53, F-59; 91 Explorer, etc.
Source: by Ford via
http://web.archive.org/web/20080123231650/http://www.performanceprobe.com/misc/tsb.php?article=91-10-10
ISSUE A battery testing procedure has been developed for all cars and trucks.
ACTION If service is required, refer to the Battery Testing Procedure Chart, Figure 1.
BATTERY TESTING PROCEDURE
TEST STEP
RESULT
ACTION TO TAKE
A1 VISUAL INSPECTION
No
Yes
CLEAN terminals
and clamps.
GO to A2.
GO to A2
Remove negative cable, then positive cable.
Check for dirty or corroded connections.
Are connections OK?
A2 LOOSE BATTERY POST
No
Yes
REPLACE battery
GO to A3
Check for loose battery posts.
Are posts OK?
A3 CRACKED BATTERY COVER
No
Yes
REPLACE
battery
GO to A4
Remove holddowns and shields.
Check for broken/cracked case or cover.
Is cover OK?
A4 BATTERY CAPACITY AND LOAD TEST
Passed the
minimum load
voltage and OCV
above 12.40
Passed the
minimum load
voltage and OCV
below 12.40
Failed the
minimum load
voltage and OCV
above 12.40
Failed the
minimum load
voltage and OCV
below 12.40
Battery OK.
Battery OK but
NEEDS CHARGING
Battery worn out
REPLACE battery
CHARGE battery
for 20 minutes
@ 35 amps.
REPEAT STEP A4
(load test).
PASSED the minimum
load voltage.
Battery OK but
NEEDS CHARGING.
FAILED the minimum
load voltage.
REPLACE battery
Use a high rate discharge tester with a variable rate control or a fused rate tester with meter compensation for different battery electrical sizes. Follow instructions supplied with tester for the battery capacity test.
Recommended Discharge Rate at 27°C (80°F): One half of the cold cranking amps.
Example
Cold Cranking Amps
Discharge Rate Amps
850
650
540
460
425
325
270
230
Voltage Readings at 15 seconds for Good Battery (Battery Capacity Test).
Approximate Battery Temperature
Minimum Load Voltage
27°C(80°F) and
above
21°C(70°F)
16°C(60°F)
10°C(50°F)
4°C(40°F)
-1°C(30°F)
-7°C(20°F)
-12°C(10°F)
-18°C(0°F)
9.6
9.6
9.5
9.5
9.3
9.1
8.9
8.7
8.5
Wait 2 minutes and check the Open Circuit Voltage (OCV).
Measure Open Circuit Voltage with a digital voltmeter capable of reading 1/100 volt.
TB-2223-A
NOTE: WHENEVER POSSIBLE, TEST AND CHARGE BATTERIES AT OR NEAR ROOM TEMPERATURE.
OTHER APPLICABLE ARTICLES: None
WARRANTY STATUS: Information Only
OASIS CODES: 203100