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Is it possible that you didn't have the transfer case fully engaged in 4x4?
If you are in 4x4 the front and rear drive shafts should turn. With your engine off and the hubs disengaged, you can check to see if the transfere case engages properly by putting it in 4x4, crawling under the truck and trying to turn the shaft by hand. If it won't turn the transfer case is engaged. Then disengage the transfer case, crawl back under and it should turn by hand.
Next you can engage one of the hubs and turn the shaft by hand again, the axle to the disengaged hub should turn. Then unlock the one that you previously locked and lock the other, now the axle to the other hub should turn.
That should isolate the problem to transfer cast or hubs. I have ignored the differential as a possible cause since I think you would have heard that go.
One of your hubs could be bad or the grease is old and stiff. Pull your hubs and look at them, clean them up and lightly grease them with bearing grease. It's not hard to do, just remember the order in which things came out. They sell rebuild kits at most parts stores that contain a new O ring and screws. If you want, you could replace them witha new set of Warn Premium hubs that run around $80.00.
In reference to all 4 spinning, not unless you have lockers or limited slip in the front. If it is a FACTORY configurtion, I wouldn't normally expect to find front limited slip or lockers except on special order. What I would have expected to see is atleast one front wheel spinning since most Broncos were shipped with an open differential in front. limited slip in front can get interesting on ice and snow.
You can check the axle code on the Safety Compliance Sticker, located on the driver side rear door post. It sounds like you have a rear limited slip differential since you said that both rear wheels were spinning. If it came with that configuration from the factory the Axle Code on the bottom line of the certificate will look something like H8 or H9. If is something like H82 then the 2 indicates it was shipped from the factory with a front limited slip differential. If you have something like 18 or 19 then it sounds like someone changed the differential and all of the above dribble about axle codes is off, 18 and 19 are open differential codes. If that is the case you need to use Highboy's method of determining what is there.
Good luck,
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